All woodworking joints must take these changes into account, and allow for the resulting movement. In modern woodworking it is even more critical, as heating and air conditioning causes more severe respiration demands between the environment and the wood's interior fibers. This was also the cause of splitting of wide boards, which were commonly available and used during that period. The glue blocks were fastened with both glue and nails, resulting in unequal expansion and contraction between the pieces. The result is a masterful work that may suffer from broken bracket feet, which was often attached with a glued block, which ran perpendicular to the base pieces. Some furniture from the 18th century, while made by master craftsmen, did not take this into account. Gluing boards with the grain running perpendicular to each other is often the reason for split boards, or broken joints. This must be taken into account when joining wood parts together, otherwise the joint is destined to fail. Many wood joinery techniques either depend upon or compensate for the fact that wood is anisotropic: its material properties are different along different dimensions. Alongside the integration of different glue formulations, newer mechanical joinery techniques include "biscuit" and "domino" joints, and pocket screw joinery. As well, the highly resinous woods used in traditional Chinese furniture do not glue well, even if they are cleaned with solvents and attached using modern glues.Īs the trade modernized new developments have evolved to help speed, simplify, or improve joinery. The reason was that nails and glues used did not stand up well to the vastly fluctuating temperatures and humid weather conditions in most of Central and South-East Asia. The Japanese and Chinese traditions in particular required the use of hundreds of types of joints. While Western techniques focused on concealment of joinery, the Eastern societies, though later, did not attempt to "hide" their joints. The 18th-century writer Diderot included over 90 detailed illustrations of wood joints for building structures alone, in his comprehensive encyclopedia published in 1765. This tradition continued to other later Western styles. Because of the physical existence of Indian and Egyptian examples, we know that furniture from the first several dynasties show the use of complex joints, like the Dovetail, over 5,000 years ago. While every culture of woodworking has a joinery tradition, wood joinery techniques have been especially well-documented, and are celebrated, in the Indian, Chinese, European, and Japanese traditions. Many traditional wood joinery techniques use the distinctive material properties of wood, often without resorting to mechanical fasteners or adhesives. in other locales joinery is considered a form of carpentry. In British English joinery is distinguished from carpentry, which is considered to be a form of structural timber work. For example, the joinery used to construct a house can be different from that used to make cabinetry or furniture, although some concepts overlap. Therefore, different joinery techniques are used to meet differing requirements. derive from the properties of the materials involved and the purpose of the joint. The characteristics of wooden joints - strength, flexibility, toughness, appearance, etc. ![]() ![]() ![]() Some woodworking joints employ mechanical fasteners, bindings, or adhesives, while others use only wood elements (such as dowels or plain mortise and tenon fittings). Joinery is a part of woodworking that involves joining pieces of wood, engineered lumber, or synthetic substitutes (such as laminate), to produce more complex items. A worker uses a large circular saw to cut joints
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